Mass serfdom, in my limited worldview, will come through Central Bank Digital Currencies.
Control over financial transactions: CBDCs are digital currencies issued and controlled by central banks, which can potentially monitor and regulate individual financial transactions more closely. This could be seen as analogous to how serfs were subject to the control and authority of landowners in the serfdom system.
Privacy concerns: With CBDCs, central banks may have access to detailed information about individual transactions, raising concerns about privacy and financial freedom. In serfdom, serfs also had limited personal freedom and were subject to the landowner's authority.
Potential restrictions: Depending on how CBDCs are designed and implemented, central banks could potentially impose restrictions on certain transactions or access to funds, which might be reminiscent of the constraints serfs faced under serfdom.